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Mikroprocesory: história

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Verzia z 08:47, 15. jún 2021, ktorú vytvoril Balogh (diskusia | príspevky)

The first microprocessors were designed and manufactured in the 1970s. Designers predominantly used MOSFET transistors with pMOS logic in the early 1970s, and then predominantly used NMOS logic from the mid-1970s. They also experimented with various word lengths. Early on, 4-bit processors were common (e.g. Intel 4004). Later in the decade, 8-bit processors such as the MOS 6502 superseded the 4-bit chips. 16-bit processors emerged by the decade's end. Some unusual word lengths were tried, including 12-bit and 20-bit. Intel's 4004 is widely regarded as the first commercial microprocessor.


Date Name Developer Max clock
(first version)
Word size
(bits)
Process Chips Transistors MOSFET Ref.
1971 4004 Intel 740 kHz 4 10 μm 1 2,250 pMOS [1]
1972 8008 Intel 500 kHz 8 10 μm 1 3,500 pMOS
1974 8080 Intel 2 MHz 8 6 μm 1 6,000 NMOS
1976 Z-80 Zilog 2.5 MHz 8 4 μm 1 8,500 NMOS
1977 8085 Intel 3.0 MHz 8 3 μm 1 6 500
1978 8086 Intel 5 MHz 16 3 μm 1 29 000
1979 8088 Intel 5 MHz 8/16</ref>The Intel 8088 had an 8-bit external data bus, but internally used a 16-bit architecture.</ref> 3 μm 1 29 000 NMOS (HMOS)
1979 68000 Motorola 8 MHz 16/32[2] 3.5 μm 1 68,000 NMOS (HMOS) [3]


[1]
  1. 1,0 1,1 Belzer, J., Holzman, A. G., Kent, A.: Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 10 - Linear and Matrix Algebra to Microorganisms: Computer-Assisted Identification. CRC Press, 1978.
  2. The Motorola 68000 had a 16-bit external data bus, but internally used 32-bit registers.
  3. Chip Hall of Fame: Motorola MC68000 Microprocessor. IEEE Spectrum.