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<source lang="c">
/*************************************************************************
* Title: I2C master library using hardware TWI interface
* Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://jump.to/fleury
* File: $Id: twimaster.c,v 1.3 2005/07/02 11:14:21 Peter Exp $
* Software: AVR-GCC 3.4.3 / avr-libc 1.2.3
* Target: any AVR device with hardware TWI
* Usage: API compatible with I2C Software Library i2cmaster.h
**************************************************************************/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <compat/twi.h>

#include "i2cmaster.h"

/* define CPU frequency in Mhz here if not defined in Makefile */
#ifndef F_CPU
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#endif

/* I2C clock in Hz */
#define SCL_CLOCK 100000L

/*************************************************************************
Initialization of the I2C bus interface. Need to be called only once
*************************************************************************/
void i2c_init(void)
{
/* initialize TWI clock: 100 kHz clock, TWPS = 0 => prescaler = 1 */

TWSR = 0; /* no prescaler */
TWBR = ((F_CPU/SCL_CLOCK)-16)/2; /* must be > 10 for stable operation */

}/* i2c_init */

/*************************************************************************
Issues a start condition and sends address and transfer direction.
return 0 = device accessible, 1= failed to access device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char i2c_start(unsigned char address)
{
uint8_t twst;

// send START condition
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWSTA) | (1<<TWEN);

// wait until transmission completed
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

// check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
if ( (twst != TW_START) && (twst != TW_REP_START)) return 1;

// send device address
TWDR = address;
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);

// wail until transmission completed and ACK/NACK has been received
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

// check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
if ( (twst != TW_MT_SLA_ACK) && (twst != TW_MR_SLA_ACK) ) return 1;

return 0;

}/* i2c_start */

/*************************************************************************
Issues a start condition and sends address and transfer direction.
If device is busy, use ack polling to wait until device is ready

Input: address and transfer direction of I2C device
*************************************************************************/
void i2c_start_wait(unsigned char address)
{
uint8_t twst;

while ( 1 )
{
// send START condition
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWSTA) | (1<<TWEN);

// wait until transmission completed
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

// check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
if ( (twst != TW_START) && (twst != TW_REP_START)) continue;

// send device address
TWDR = address;
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);

// wail until transmission completed
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

// check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits.
twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
if ( (twst == TW_MT_SLA_NACK )||(twst ==TW_MR_DATA_NACK) )
{
/* device busy, send stop condition to terminate write operation */
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN) | (1<<TWSTO);

// wait until stop condition is executed and bus released
while(TWCR & (1<<TWSTO));

continue;
}
//if( twst != TW_MT_SLA_ACK) return 1;
break;
}

}/* i2c_start_wait */

/*************************************************************************
Issues a repeated start condition and sends address and transfer direction

Input: address and transfer direction of I2C device

Return: 0 device accessible
1 failed to access device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char i2c_rep_start(unsigned char address)
{
return i2c_start( address );

}/* i2c_rep_start */

/*************************************************************************
Terminates the data transfer and releases the I2C bus
*************************************************************************/
void i2c_stop(void)
{
/* send stop condition */
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN) | (1<<TWSTO);

// wait until stop condition is executed and bus released
while(TWCR & (1<<TWSTO));

}/* i2c_stop */

/*************************************************************************
Send one byte to I2C device

Input: byte to be transfered
Return: 0 write successful
1 write failed
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char i2c_write( unsigned char data )
{
uint8_t twst;

// send data to the previously addressed device
TWDR = data;
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);

// wait until transmission completed
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

// check value of TWI Status Register. Mask prescaler bits
twst = TW_STATUS & 0xF8;
if( twst != TW_MT_DATA_ACK) return 1;
return 0;

}/* i2c_write */

/*************************************************************************
Read one byte from the I2C device, request more data from device

Return: byte read from I2C device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char i2c_readAck(void)
{
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN) | (1<<TWEA);
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

return TWDR;

}/* i2c_readAck */

/*************************************************************************
Read one byte from the I2C device, read is followed by a stop condition

Return: byte read from I2C device
*************************************************************************/
unsigned char i2c_readNak(void)
{
TWCR = (1<<TWINT) | (1<<TWEN);
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));

return TWDR;

}/* i2c_readNak */

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